Binocular Amsler's charts.

Binocular Amsler's charts.

Amsler's charts have long proved to be very useful for detecting organic macular and paramacular disorders. The chart consists of a grid of lines with a central fixation dot, the whole chart at 30 cm. distance subtending an angle of 200 (Amsler, I949). In the examination of functional amblyopia, we have found that the use of an Amsler chart can be very helpful in understanding the difference be...

Binocular Summation within the Binocular Visual Field

To study the influence of binocular summation on the threshold values of the central visual field in normal subjects, the authors modified the Octopus 201 by combining it with the space synoptophore. They tested ten normal subjects between 20 and 30 years of age. A space synoptophore was built into the cupola of the Octopus 201 so that the authors could confirm the conditions of binocular visio...

EXIT Charts

With wide applications of Turbo Principle in communications engineering, the EXIT Charts (Extrinsic Information Transfer Charts) has been a powerful tool to visualize the convergence behavior of iterative decoding process based on mutual information. Within this report, an introduction to EXIT Charts, its background, properties and applications are presented to allow the audience be familiar wi...

Binocular combination in abnormal binocular vision.

We investigated suprathreshold binocular combination in humans with abnormal binocular visual experience early in life. In the first experiment we presented the two eyes with equal but opposite phase shifted sine waves and measured the perceived phase of the cyclopean sine wave. Normal observers have balanced vision between the two eyes when the two eyes' images have equal contrast (i.e., both...

Ophthalmic Charts